![]() These banks require formal accounting systems to keep track of balances, which decline during dry times as members withdraw water, and increase during wet times as water is deposited. While many local recharge projects do not track who benefits from the recharged water, groundwater banks recharge and store water on behalf of specific parties-both local and distant.Groundwater banks can make underground storage available for various parties. Supply sources include local floodwaters, surface water imported from other regions, and recycled water.There is also growing interest in recharging aquifers by applying extra irrigation water to croplands, or by spreading water on fallowed fields and natural landscapes. Common methods include filling dedicated recharge basins or ponds, directing water to unlined canals and riverbeds, injecting water through wells, and using extra surface water (when available) to avoid pumping (“in-lieu recharge”).Active recharge is a longstanding practice in much of urban Southern California and parts of the Bay Area, Central Coast, and Central Valley.Ī variety of supply sources and methods are used to intentionally recharge aquifers.Recharge can also help prevent impacts from groundwater pumping, such as dry wells or sinking lands, while providing wetland habitat for birds, reducing flood risk, and storing water for droughts. In coastal areas, intentional recharge prevents salty ocean water from entering freshwater aquifers.Although some recharge happens incidentally-water flowing into the ground from rivers, unlined canals, or excess irrigation-intentional recharge can restore groundwater levels and store water for later use. Recharge occurs when water seeps into the ground to replenish underground aquifers.In certain areas, small ditches are made in different locations of the irrigation land, so that water from the ditches may percolate and nourish the crops, which also is a method of sub-surface irrigation system.Groundwater recharge is an important water management practice in California. This irrigation type is very costly and employed for crops that provide high returns and profit. In the artificial sub-irrigation system, artificial water channels are provided in the underground and water is supplied to the crops under the action of capillarity. This way, when underground irrigation is achieved without any additional effort, it is defined as natural sub-surface irrigation. This water leakage may also increase the water level of underground water which also helps to nourish the crops. The water moves through the subsoil and may irrigate the crops nearby. There are possibilities of water leakage from the water channels or pipes. Sub-surface irrigation can be performed either naturally or artificially. After this, occasional natural rainfall is sufficient for the maturity of the crops. This makes the soil completely saturated. The perennial irrigation is also called as Controlled Irrigation.įlood irrigation also called inundation irrigation is an irrigation method that intentionally creates a flooded land condition. ![]() If a dam is constructed across the river and the stored water is used to perform irrigation, then it is called storage irrigation.ĭirect irrigation is the simplest and most economical perennial irrigation. If the irrigation water is taken by diverting the river runoff to the main canal by the construction of a diversion weir, then this irrigation is called as direct irrigation. This system supply water to the crops through a canal distribution system that takes off from a weir or a reservoir. ![]() This irrigation system guarantees continuous and constant water supply to the crops throughout the crop period as per the requirement of the crop. Flow irrigation is again classified into: In this type of irrigation, the water available at higher levels is allowed to move to the crops present in the lower level by the action of gravity. Surface irrigation is again divided into Flow Irrigation and Lift irrigation. Irrigation can be broadly divided into two main types, namely: The main types of irrigation are briefly explained in this article. Irrigation is defined as the science of artificially providing water to the land in accordance with the "crop requirement" throughout the "crop period" for the complete nourishment of the plant.
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